v14 "But Peter, standing with the eleven, lifted up his voice and addressed them..."
- a leadership role cf 1:15… addressing a mixed crowd… the church's mission begins with proclamation.
- “men of Judea" likely native Jews from Jerusalem and the surrounding region
- "all who dwell in Jerusalem" can also include the many visitors and pilgrims temporarily staying….
- In Jewish culture.. not inherently viewed as sinful… positively one of God's good gifts (Psalm 104:14–15; Ecclesiastes 9:7).
- Condemned = drunkenness and the loss of self-control that accompanied it… to be drunk at this hour of the morning considered highly inappropriate and socially disgraceful.
Message
Pentecost fulfills the covenantal promises of God and reveals the Christ-centered redemptive plan of the Triune God.
- Covenantal fulfillment: what God promised in the Old Testament is now being fulfilled.
- Christological fulfillment: these promises find their fulfillment in Jesus Christ
A Covenantal fulfilment v16
Joel prophesied roughly six hundred years before Pentecost… Judah had experienced a devastating locust plague… a covenantal judgment of YHWH upon His people.
- Although the land would later experience restoration… He was looking toward something greater: a greater renewal and restoration for God's people.
- Language of war… coming of the Messiah: (1) judgement (2) salvation
- Pentecost cannot be separated from the larger redemptive event that Peter is announcing.
Moses’ desire in Number 11
- Israel complains… God take some of the Spirit that is upon Moses distributed to the seventy elders so that they can share the burden of leading the people
- Observe: the Spirit is not given merely for a private spiritual experience. The Spirit equips these men for service and leadership among God's covenant people.
- Concern: Eldad and Medad… Joshua to Moses: “My lord Moses, stop them.”
- Moses: (v29) “Would that all the LORD's people were prophets, that the LORD would put his Spirit on them!”
- His desire is that the whole covenant community would experience the Spirit's empowering presence.